Modern 4P medicine (personalized, predictive, preventive, patient-centered) has fundamentally changed our understanding of human health. It has been proven that the human body is a giant symbiotic ecosystem. According to scientific estimates, the number of human cells in our body is about 30 trillion, while the number of bacterial cells reaches 38 trillion. In fact, in terms of the number of cells, we are less than half as human.

For decades, popular culture and advertising have taught us that bacteria are dangerous enemies. We bought antibacterial soap that “kills 99.9% of germs,” took antibiotics at the first sign of a cold, and strived for absolute sterility. However, the modern biomedical revolution and the 4Ps of medicine (personalized, predictive, preventive, patient-centered) have radically changed this view.