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Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a growing global health problem that is closely related to the obesity epidemic. It is one of the most common non-communicable diseases in the world, characterized by disorders of carbohydrate, lipid and protein metabolism, and arises from impaired insulin secretion, cellular resistance to insulin or a combination of these factors.

The first decades of the twenty-first century are characterized by an unprecedented epidemic of noncommunicable (noncommunicable) diseases (NCDs). Cardiovascular diseases, type 2 diabetes, neurodegenerative disorders (Alzheimer's, Parkinson's), aggressive forms of cancer and depressive states increasingly affect young people.

The discovery of antibiotics was one of the greatest medical achievements, saving millions of lives. However, today the scientific community is increasingly faced with the other side of the coin - the catastrophic consequences of antibiotic therapy for the human microbiome.

War leaves behind not only visible physical scars, but also deep psychological trauma. According to experts, 12–20% of people who have experienced traumatic events develop post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). In modern combat conditions, military personnel are exposed to enormous levels of physical and psychological stress, which leads to exhaustion of the nervous system.