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Intestinal dysbiosis: symptoms, causes and modern treatments


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Today, the gut is called our “second brain” and a super organ, as it houses over 75% of the body’s immune cells. Our gastrointestinal tract is home to thousands of species of microorganisms that determine our eating habits, immune responses, weight, and even mood.


Previously, doctors often used the term "dysbiosis", but today it is considered somewhat outdated. Modern science uses the concept of dysbiosis - a violation of the quantity, quality and species diversity of microflora, when the balance between beneficial and potentially pathogenic microorganisms is lost.


The main symptoms of dysbiosis

Symptoms of dysbiosis are not limited to digestive problems. They can be divided into several groups:


1. Gastrointestinal manifestations:


Frequent bloating, intense gas formation, and rumbling.

Pain, cramps, or discomfort in the abdomen.

Bowel disorders: diarrhea, constipation or their alternation.

Feeling of incomplete bowel movement.

Presence of mucus, blood, or undigested food in the stool.

Loss of appetite or nausea.


2. Systemic and metabolic signs:


Decrease or, conversely, uncontrolled weight gain for no apparent reason.

Chronic fatigue and general decreased immunity.

Skin rashes, acne, atopic dermatitis, redness.

Development of food intolerances and allergies.


3. Neurological and psychological symptoms (gut-brain axis):


The brain reacts very sharply to the destruction of the intestinal barrier. People with severe dysbiosis often experience a "foggy" state: memory impairment, poor concentration, constant drowsiness. Anxiety, depressive states and unstable mental state are also possible.


Why does dysbiosis occur?



Our microbiome is shaped by many factors throughout our lives.


The main reasons for imbalance are:


Taking medications:

The most damaging are broad-spectrum antibiotics, which kill both pathogenic and beneficial flora, significantly reducing its diversity. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), laxatives, and proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) also have an impact.


Improper nutrition:


A diet high in ultra-processed foods, excess fat, protein, or refined carbohydrates, and a lack of fiber leaves the good bacteria with nothing to eat. Artificial sweeteners (such as aspartame) also encourage the growth of unwanted bacteria.


Stress and lifestyle:


Chronic stress, fatigue, sleep disturbances, climate change, or even frequent air travel directly affect the composition of the microbiota.



Medical factors:


Past intestinal infections, chronic gastrointestinal diseases, absence of an appendix, as well as how a person was born (cesarean section or natural birth) and what they were fed as a child.



Modern approaches to the treatment of dysbiosis


Conventional medicine often blindly prescribes standard probiotics, which may only provide short-term results or may not help at all. Modern 4P medicine (personalized, predictive, preventive) offers a different, more profound approach:



Treatment should begin with an in-depth (genetic) analysis of the intestinal microbiome. This allows not only to identify pathogens, but also to assess the level of beneficial bacteria (lacto- and bifidobacteria), the flora diversity index, and the presence of inflammation.



Instead of conventional supplements, pharmabiotics are used - new generation drugs with clinically proven effects. For example, a special complex "Intestinal Microbiome" helps to modulate the microflora so as to suppress pathogens, but not harm your own beneficial bacteria. The standard course of administration is usually 14 days.




Since bacteria control our digestion, a diet correction is necessary for sustainable results. Using special algorithms and artificial intelligence, a diet is calculated that takes into account the identified microbiome.


4. General eating habits.


To prevent dysbiosis, it is important to eat a variety of foods rich in fiber and prebiotics (artichokes, bananas, asparagus, oats, legumes). Fermented foods (yogurt, kefir, sauerkraut) are extremely beneficial, as they naturally contain lactobacilli and reduce the number of unwanted microbes. However, fiber should be introduced into the diet gradually to avoid bloating and give the microbes time to adapt.


Remember that the microbiome is formed throughout life, and we have exactly the microbiota that we deserve with our lifestyle.


Want to learn more about your inner world? Sign up for a microbiota or microbiome study at Ediens today





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